Enrofloxacin: An Antibiotic Used To Treat Bacterial Infections in Animals

Enrofloxacin, or 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinoline carboxylic acid, is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. Baytril, the trade name of enrofloxacin, is indicated for the control, in chickens, of mortality associated with Escherichia coli. The U.S FDA approved the use of enrofloxacin in 1996 to treat certain bacterial infections in poultry. The drug has low minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. It has been approved by the European Food Safety Authority for the treatment of bacterial infections in cattle. It is also an effective antibiotic that is well tolerated by animals. Its mechanism of action is distinct and it shows profound bactericidal activity. It has not been used for humans in this capacity.

There is a high variation of bioavailability after oral administration of enrofloxacin between polygastric and monogastric animals from 10% to 80%. Among animals, cats and dogs have the highest susceptibility to bacterial infection. A dosage of 11.5 mg/kg twice a day is safe for a healthy cat or dog. When given to a cat or dog, it should be given to him on an empty stomach. It can be administered along with a small food or treat. It is important not to give dairy products or antacids with enrofloxacin. The drug is also safe to use in cattle. However, in these animals, it is illegal to administer the medication.

Despite its effectiveness against a wide range of bacteria, Enrofloxacin has only been approved for use against Pseudomonas spp. Most of the time, it is used as a last resort when first-line drugs fail to treat the infection. There are several side effects of the drug, but it is safe and does not cause severe adverse reactions. Moreover, enrofloxacin does not produce permanent side effects and is not addictive.

Enrofloxacin has been linked to new microbes resisting antibiotics, both in animals and in humans. The FDA bans the use of an antibiotic in animals, citing a threat to human health. In 2005, the agency decided to ban the use of the antibiotic enrofloxacin (Baytril) in poultry.

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